what to look for when buying a used sailboat

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15 Tips for Buying a Sailboat

• By Peter Berman
• Updated: October 2, 2019

Run a dinghy around any major harbor in the world’s far-flung cruising grounds, and it’s quickly apparent that there’s no such thing as a “perfect” cruising boat. But if you’re in the market for buying a used sailboat or cruiser, the essentials are nearly universal for every sailor: You need a boat that you can readily afford (including the refit and/or outfitting), that meets your specific needs (­depending on size of crew and intended itinerary) and that will be saleable afterward. Sure, high-end custom one-offs may be better constructed than “classic plastic” production boats, but that doesn’t necessarily translate into a better cruising experience . Need advice on how to buy a sailboat? Below are some sailboat buying tips divined from owning and sailing more than 100,000 miles in a dozen very different cruisers — from high-tech performance ocean racers to traditional split-rig wooden boats — over several decades.

Tip 1: Remember the 30:70 rule: The builder makes 30 percent of the boat and purchases the remaining 70 percent from other suppliers, almost all of which has to be periodically replaced at ever-higher prices. The 30:70 rule helps explain high rates of depreciation — typically 50 percent after the first decade and 75 percent after the second.

Tip 2: Focus on the total acquisition costs: the purchase price plus the inevitable refit. A good rule of thumb is to use only half the boat budget to buy the sailboat, then employ the other half for the requisite upgrades. A common boat-buying mistake is not reserving enough money for the overhaul. Also, prepare a realistic annual maintenance budget before the purchase. A boat stuck on the dock provides no joy.

Tip 3: Avoid being beguiled by a long list of equipment and cosmetic touch-ups. Fact: Most equipment will probably require replacement. Also, brokers and sellers know that cosmetics help sell boats, but they don’t make them sail any better. Similarly, view claims of a “recent refit” with skepticism. Does new anchor chain or new sails make the boat worth more when chain and sails are part of a boat’s normal complement of gear? (And that actually may be a “yes” when it comes to sails, but rarely will you find a used boat with a new inventory.)

Tip 4: The major refit costs will likely involve the rig and engine. After 15 to 20 years, it’s long past time to pull the mast, upgrade the standing rigging and terminals, take apart the spar and inspect for crevice corrosion and cracks, replace blocks, inspect the sheaves and mast step, and beef up gear as necessary. For extended offshore use, the general rule is to replace everything with heavier rigging and equipment. Losing a mast offshore makes for a very bad day. Paint makes masts look better but often hides corrosion.

Tip 5: Likewise, after two decades, it’s time to pay the “engine piper” — or pay him later. There are basically two options: rebuild what’s already installed (saving half the cost) or repower with a new engine. Typically, the in-and-out labor costs are equal to the cost of a rebuilt or new engine. Changing engine brands can significantly add to the price. Remember, many experienced cruisers cover as many as half their miles under power (especially those running up and down the Intracoastal Waterway). So a reliable engine is essential. No one ever complains when it starts up every time! Also, budget for ample spare parts; obtaining them in distant ports can be a real headache.

Tip 6: Nothing improves comfort more than size. Within limits, everything on the boat can be changed except size. But size is a double-edged sword, as costs and maintenance even in slightly larger boats are disproportionately higher. As size increases, so does volume. A 40-footer will have twice the volume of a 30-footer. When discussing size, focus on the waterline length. Length matters because size yields more storage space and more accommodations, and longer boats tend to sail faster, with a smoother motion. Bigger boats also provide the ability to take on additional crew for longer passages.

Tip 7: The boat’s gear is one of the most important factors to consider when buying a sailboat. With the right gear, including electric winches for furling mains or halyards, a senior couple in reasonably good condition can take a 60-footer offshore. But the maintenance and operating costs of such a vessel can approach six figures yearly. Most cruising is done in affordable vessels in the 40-foot range, where traditional gear gets the job done. All that said, when cruising really took off in the 1960s and 1970s, a 25-foot fiberglass production boat was often considered big enough for offshore work.

Tip 8: As mentioned at the outset, there’s no such thing as a perfect cruising boat, no matter how large the budget. Moreover, one’s notion of an ideal cruiser changes with experience, intended usage and age. Boats are always works in progress. Center cockpits with island double berths have nice accommodations for dockside use. For offshore sailing, on the other hand, and especially if they eschew island doubles for snug sea berths, aft cockpits enhance the sailing experience. Jib furlers and electric winches make life easier but also can introduce cost and maintenance issues. Everyone underestimates the cost of owning and operating a functioning cruising boat.

Tip 9: Beware of fancy joiner work and the liberal use of external teak. It’s nice to look at, but it doesn’t make the boat perform any better and is costly and/or time-consuming to own and maintain. Similarly, unless you have deep pockets, avoid teak decks. (Teak is lovely, but it’s also awfully hot in the tropics.) Whether screwed or glued, after 15 years, teak decks are typically ready for replacement, nowadays at a cost that would buy a nice cruising sailboat.

Tip 10: Given the choice, opt for a boat drawn by a reputable naval architect over one from a builder who designed his own boats. I’ve found that the collaborative efforts produce better boats. Pay special attention to designers and builders who focus on cruisers, not raceboats. When you’ve narrowed down a prospect, learn about the boat’s history, talk to owners of similar boats and experienced surveyors, and, when applicable, contact the club associations of respective models, which can be good sources of information. Whatever you’re considering, remember that a boat that’s “lived in the islands” is apt to have had a hard life.

Tip 11: If you’re truly considering long-range cruising, think long and hard about the boat’s accommodations for use offshore. Double berths in the bow or stern are wonderful in port, as are swivel chairs in the main saloon. Without functional sea berths amidships, however, the crew will wind up sleeping on the cabin floor and asking when the trip will be over. Any sea berth worthy of its name is a minimum of 7 feet long and has a proper lee cloth.

Tip 12: Like Napoleon’s armies, crews travel on their stomachs. Spacious galleys are fine alongside a dock, but at sea you need a galley where the cook is secure and the pots and pans stay off the cabin sole. If you really want to eat well offshore, nothing beats a large freezer or crews handy with a rod and reel.

Tip 13: Marine toilets can and do fail, usually at the most awkward time. Spares help, but a second head is better. Repairing a head when underway is probably the worst job afloat.

Tip 14: Regardless of your budget or the size of your vessel, take safety seriously. That means a ­certified ocean life raft, EPIRBs, ­SOLAS-rated and -equipped life jackets with harnesses, a VHF radio with AIS, ample bilge pumps and even a sat phone if voyaging offshore. Before loading up on electronics, cover the safety gear. Sure, it’s nice to have an SSB radio, a big-screen chart plotter, an autopilot, a TV, a Wi-Fi router and so on. But buy the life raft first — if not for yourself, then for your crew and loved ones (even if they’re not sailing with you).

Tip 15: When in doubt, walk away. Unless the boat inspires real passion, it’s the wrong boat. Find the most competent and highly regarded surveyor available. Ask him or her about the required refit and likely costs involved. I’ve never regretted walking away from, or spending the money on, a “problem” survey. Make sure you have a serious sea trial — and not just a short run with the engine, and a quick raising and lowering of sails — in a good breeze. Even very experienced sailors can fail to note the obvious on sea trials, especially rushed ones.

Looking back on the cruising boats I’ve owned, my favorite was a fiberglass 45-foot ketch built in the early 1970s with an aft cockpit, a centerboard and double headsails. It had none of the amenities we now take for granted (a small portable generator handled the “electrics”), yet we fairly scooted across the Pacific. Close behind was a 35-foot block-and-tackle wooden ketch built in the 1960s, with no winches. The larger boat is still going strong in the islands, the smaller one in Alaska. So that’s my final tip: You can sail a long way on a simple boat.

An engineer by training with over four decades of experience voyaging in the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Caribbean, Peter Berman is the author of Outfitting the Offshore Cruising Sailboat (Paradise Cay Publications, 2011).

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What Questions Should You Ask When Buying a Used Sailboat?

You're probably in the market looking to buy a used sailboat. But before you commit, it's of great importance to get as much information as possible just to ensure that you get a good deal and, of course, a great vessel that will serve you diligently for many years to come. So how do you do this? Well, here are the questions to ask.

Buying a sailboat is no small task. It's not like going to the grocery store and buying some tomatoes. Things may be even more complicated if you're buying a used sailboat. After all, not all used sailboats will do. So unless you're a sailboat expert, it can be quite challenging to know what to look for when buying a used sailboat.

And because there are a lot of factors to consider, it would naturally make sense to have a few questions to ask the owner or the dealer before committing to buy the sailboat. In other words, being armed with the information you need to make a wise buying decision is a highly important part of buying a sailboat. When you come fully prepared with the questions that you want to ask the dealer, you'll not only avoid making an impulsive or emotional decision but you'll get a vessel that's right for you.

We all know that buying a sailboat is a truly exciting thing to do. You can't, however, rush through it. The best thing to do is to take your time, be patient, and ask plenty of questions. With this, you'll make an informed decision, and chances are you'll find a sailboat that's not only reliable but meets your needs for many years to come.

So if you're in the market looking to purchase a used boat but you don't know where to begin, here are the questions to ask. Your answers to these questions will help you narrow down your options and make an informed choice.

Table of contents

What Do I Want to Do with this Boat?

For many first-time boat buyers, it's easy to be trapped up in the excitement of purchasing a boat. And if you've previously owned the boat you can lose focus on what exactly you want to use the boat for. You have to keep in mind that not all boats are suitable for all activities. For instance, an appropriate sailboat for fishing may not be suitable for sailing or cruising just in the same way a good boat for cruising may not be appropriate for racing.

So before you even start looking for a used boat, you have to know what you'll be using it for. Are you a weekend sailor looking for a vessel that's easy to use? Do you want a vessel that you can use to entertain friends and family? Are you planning to spend nights on the sailboat?

You should, therefore, take time to think about how you'll be using the boat and make sure that you go for a sailboat that matches your needs in terms of what you plan to use it for.

How Big a Sailboat Do You Need?

It seems too obvious that we all need a boat large enough to meet all our needs. You already know that sailboats come in different sizes and have different features. But when it comes to the right size, you may want to consider whether you'll be sailing all by yourself or in the company of family and friends. Again, you may want to consider whether you want a crew to join you on your expeditions or if you want a vessel that you can perfectly sail alone.

Where will You be Sailing?

While this may seem to be almost related to our first question, it's most certainly very different. In other words, it's vital to consider where you will be sailing. You should keep in mind that sailing in the Atlantic Ocean is far much different from sailing in your nearby lake or river. If you're sailing in deep waters, you may not have to worry about how far the keel goes into the water. On the other hand, try squeezing a 20-foot vessel in a nearby river, and you may have to deal with a very unpleasant and regrettable grounding.

Why is the Boat being Sold?

There's certainly no harm in asking why the boat is being sold in the first place. This will most likely reveal a lot of things about your prospective purchase. In addition to revealing the position in which the seller is in (which may be vital when you reach the negotiation table), it can be essential in knowing a thing or two about the vessel. More importantly, be wary if the seller is elusive when answering this question or if their answer is unconvincing or seem too choreographed and rehearsed.

How Has the Sailboat been Used Previously?

While this question can tell you much about the boat, it can also be a great way to open up a conversation revolving around other factors such as how many hours has the engine clocked? Where was the boat being stored? How often has the boat been serviced? Has it been previously involved in accidents?

By asking these questions, you'll also know whether or not the seller was the first owner, whether the previous owner was a novice or an experienced seller, and many more. Again, the answers to these questions could help you in negotiating for a better deal.

What Warranty Does the Boat Have?

It's of great importance to find out whether the boat is covered by the manufacturer's warranty. And this doesn't mean that you should ask and leave it at that. Go into the finer details about the warranty and find out if it suits you. After all, the warranty can sometimes be the difference when choosing between two boats.

When looking at the warranty, ask about the details of the plan. Get to know the components that are covered and those that are not. You should also find out about lifetime coverage of significant components of the boat such as the deck and hull. Generally, these major components have lifetime coverage while other parts such as the engine could have a separate or limited warranty.

What Kind of Accessories is on the Boat?

After your home, purchasing a boat is perhaps the single biggest purchase you're likely to make. For this reason, you have to make sure that you're getting a good deal and this means that you have to inquire and find out about the quality of the components and accessories of the boat.

In addition to finding out about the keel, hull, and deck (through a surveyor), you should take a keen interest in the boat's enclosure fabric. You have to keep in mind that standard fabric isn't suitable for the optimal experience, and so you may have to go for an upgraded version. In most cases, you may have to replace the fabric if it's of low quality and this can be costly.

That being said, it's important to ensure that the boat has a high-quality fabric. The fabric should be durable and reliable as it will help in protecting, you, your passengers, and, of course, your boat from the elements.

What Kind of Maintenance Does the Boat Require?

We have to admit that buying and maintaining a boat is never easy, especially if you aren't prepared for it. While most boat buyers only look at the boat's price tag, it's fundamental to get a clear idea of the maintenance costs that will come with owning the boat. Generally, a brand new boat has lower maintenance costs than a used boat. However, all boats still require regular engine and hull maintenance.

Other additional costs that come with owning a boat may include having a crew (if the boat is large), cleaning it, and storage. In essence, it's important to factor in all the annual costs of ownership and find out if it's something you can financially cope with.

What Kind of Financing Options are Available?

Needless to say, you have to inquire about the financing options that are available when buying the boat. Does the seller want cash or can you pay in installments? While this may differ from seller to seller, you can choose to secure a boat loan and use it to finance the purchase. Even though this is almost similar to a mortgage, the risks of default are quite high. Again, repossessing a boat is a lot more difficult than foreclosing a home or impounding a vehicle. For this reason, many dealers are often cautious when it comes to using this type of financing option.

The best thing to do is to find out with the dealer on his/her preferred type of financing. You can then find out with your financial advisor about the best option for financing your purchase and use it to reach a consensus with the dealer.

Can I Take it for a Sea Trial?

Before closing the deal, you have to insist on taking the boat for a test drive or what's known in the boating industry as a sea trial. You should NEVER buy a boat, new or used, without taking out for a sea trial to get the feel of how it performs. If the dealer doesn't allow you to take the boat out for a sea trial, consider it a major red flag and do not close the deal.

On the test drive, you should test everything about the boat. From the engine performance, the boat's electrical system to the performance, and the general feel of the boat, this is a great chance to make the last decision on whether the boat is or isn't right for you.

Bottom Line

Knowing the answers to these questions when buying a used boat will make the process a little smoother. You, of course, do not want to make an expensive mistake by buying a vessel that won't serve you well. Do not be afraid to ask questions, to negotiate, and to hire a marine surveyor to find out if the boat is in great condition. With this, you'll most likely get the best deal possible and make a good purchase.

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Daniel Wade

I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

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DIY Survey Checklist for Used-Boat Buying

Before hiring a professional surveyor, look for these danger signs..

Boat buying is an exciting, maddening exercise that can test the tolerance of even the most patient sailor. Much of the maddening part has to do with trying to ferret out a boat’s problems before buying (and making them your own). Obviously, you should consult a reputable surveyor prior to purchase, but who can afford to have every promising boat surveyed?

The easiest way to narrow down the list of potential deals is by doing your own pre-survey inspection. Below are some of the major areas of boat inspection any buyer would want to become intimate with, as well as some common problems associated with each.

As the single most expensive piece of gear onboard, the engine deserves particular scrutiny. It is a hard lesson to learn that after purchasing that deal of a lifetime, the boat requires an engine rebuild or replacement.

How an engine looks can offer valuable clues about its overall condition. That’s not to say a shiny, seemingly new engine will be trouble free, but if it’s a real mess on the outside, chances are the owner hasn’t exactly been a stickler for regularly scheduled maintenance.

Start by looking for obvious problems such as leaks, excessive rust, broken or missing components, and other signs of neglect. For freshwater-cooled systems, check the coolant level and properties. Lack of antifreeze should raise red flags (due to possible leaks) as should coolant with a rusty color or an unusual amount of solids.

A lot can be told by simply pulling the dipstick and checking the oil. A slightly low level might be OK, but higher than normal levels could indicate trouble, particularly if milky or frothy; both are an indication that water, antifreeze, or transmission fluid is present, signs you could be facing anything from a blown gasket to a cracked block.

Rub a little engine oil between your fingers. If it feels abrasive or has a burnt odor, be concerned about bearing wear; however, it could also simply mean the oil hasn’t been changed regularly. Wipe the dipstick on a clean white cloth or napkin. Oil thats thick initially, but then starts to spread out over the cloth is an indication of fuel contamination.

Taking oil samples to a lab for testing is a more scientific way to analyze oil condition, but it’s normally most useful in tracking issues over the engine’s lifetime, rather than for spot-checking. Still, a one-shot oil analysis can show unusual wear and the presence of water, antifreeze or diesel fuel. Think of it as a blood test for the engine—it may not predict a heart attack but it can indicate the high cholesterol that could lead to engine failure.

As for transmissions and reduction gears, dark and sluggish fluid or oil with a burned smell may indicate drive cone problems and a costly rebuild in the near future. After running the engine in gear a bit, use the dipstick to get a transmission fluid sample. Put this on a piece of paper and inspect it under a bright light or in direct sunlight for metallic specks—a sign of significant transmission wear. Inserting a long, thin magnet (the kind mechanics use to retrieve dropped bolts) through the dipstick opening and sweeping the bottom of the gearbox may produce interesting results as well.

Note how difficult the engine is to start. Depending on whether it’s gas or diesel, hard starting could be a sign of weak batteries, faulty plugs or even a bad fuel pump.

Does it run smoothly at idle and under load, or does it idle unevenly and stall out when placed in gear? Rough running can be caused by anything from clogged fuel filters to compression problems, and engines idling at more than 800 rpm may have been intentionally set to idle high to mask problems.

Verify proper oil pressure and operating temperature while the engine is running. Low oil pressure could be due to anything from faulty oil pumps to cam bearing failure. High water temperatures may be something as simple as a bad impeller, but could also be caused by corroded manifolds or exhaust risers.

Finally, read the smoke signals the engine is sending. A well-maintained engine may smoke when initially cranked or while idling, but not when warmed up or under load. Smoke color can also provide an indication of problems (blue for burning oil, black for incomplete combustion, white for water vapor, etc.).

Bottom line: Remember that hour meters mean nothing (they can easily be swapped out by an unscrupulous seller) and that an owner should eagerly provide invoices if claiming overhauls or major work has been done. Engines are a big-ticket item, so always weigh the cost of repair or replacement versus walking away.

Water intrusion into cored decking likely causes more boat damage every year than sinkings, groundings and fires combined. Cored construction simply describes an inner and outer skin of fiberglass with some other material sandwiched between them. Most decks will be cored, typically with end-grain balsa, plywood or maybe one of the more high-tech foam variations.

The prime directive with cored construction is keeping water out. Wet wood coring can rot, which allows the cored deck to separate and drastically reduces its structural integrity. Long-term water exposure causes problems with foam-cored decks as well—core separation, freeze damage (due to expansion and contraction) and even disintegration in some cases.

Moisture intrusion into cored decking is typically caused by a combination of failed caulking and improper installation of deck-mounted hardware (cleats, lifeline stanchions, winches, etc.). Any penetration into a cored panel must be properly sealed to prevent water entry and the damage it can cause.

The first step (literally) in finding deck problems can be as simple as walking on the suspicious spots. Soft spots, oil-canning (flexing) or even water squishing from deck fittings are all indicators of a potentially expensive repair. Drips and brownish stains belowdecks are also common signs of water-soaked decks and rotting core.

Sound out the decks by tapping them with a small, plastic-headed hammer or the end of screwdriver handle. Sharp, crisp sounds while tapping are what you want, while dull thuds can be an indication of delamination. Moisture meters are also a helpful tool for sniffing out soggy decks—we reviewed our favorites here . Make sure to check out the updated moisture meter recommendations from our knowledgable commenters there as well.

Repair options are based on the core’s condition, which is determined by taking a core sample (ideally by drilling a small hole in an inconspicuous place from the inside) and looking for moisture or rot. If the coring is rotten or damaged, it must be replaced. If wet, but not damaged and there is no delamination, attempts to dry out the core can be made. Just keep in mind that it is very difficult to remove all water and that any remaining moisture will likely cause future problems. Core replacement is the only sure cure.

Bottom line: While repair costs will be directly related to the size of the delaminated area, even a minor core replacement is a time-consuming project. If faced with a large amount of deck repair, move on to the next boat or be prepared to expend a significant amount of time, money, and effort to make it right.

STANDING RIGGING

Most sailors immediately think wire when they hear the term standing rigging, but that’s only one part of the story. Your pre-survey inspection should encompass several different components, from chainplates and turnbuckles to cotter pins and terminal ends. Here are three primary standing rigging components along with possible issues to watch out for.

Wire : Broken yarns or strands (aka fishhooks) are a clear indication that rigging wire is nearing the end of its service life, even if the other strands appear good. You can check for broken strands by wrapping toilet paper around the wire and carefully running it up and down while looking for snags or shredding of the paper.

Nicks and scratches that affect multiple strands or one strand deeply should also be noted as possible cause for replacement, as should kinks, flat spots, proud strands and corrosion, particularly where the wire enters a swage fitting.

Floppy shrouds or stays should also be inspected to determine the cause of the looseness, which can indicate anything from a much-needed rig tune-up to a failed mast step.

Terminal fittings : Of the various wire terminal fittings found on sailboats, swage fittings are the most common source of terminal failures.

Each should be checked carefully for signs of fatigue, proud strands (a common indication of broken strands in the swage), cracks and corrosion. A small, handheld magnifying glass can be very helpful during this inspection. Pay close attention to lower terminals, which are particularly susceptible to corrosion as a result of salt-laden water running down the wire and inside the fitting.

Bent or banana-shaped fittings (the result of improper compression of the fitting onto the wire) are also items of concern that will need to be addressed.

Chainplates : Chainplates should be checked carefully for issues such as movement, rust, cracks, deformation of the clevis pin hole and improper lead angle. Chainplates that penetrate the deck will often leak (due to movement and/or caulking failure), and the damage this causes, both to the interior of the vessel and the chainplate itself, can be significant.

Where chainplates are bolted to a bulkhead or other interior structure, look for discoloration, delamination and rot due to water intrusion. Chainplates can also be compromised due to crevice corrosion, even though the metal above and below the deck appears to be in excellent condition. Crevice corrosion occurs when stainless steel is continually exposed to stagnant, anaerobic water, such as that found in a saturated wood or cored deck. This is one reason why chainplates that are glassed in or otherwise inaccessible for routine inspection are undesirable.

Bottom line : While the life expectancy of wire rigging is determined by a myriad of factors (where the vessel is located, type of stainless, amount of use, etc.), the general rule of thumb is that it should be replaced every eight to ten years, sooner if extenuating circumstances such as offshore passages, extended cruising, racing, etc, are in the mix. While an owner may offer assurances or hazy recollections of rigging replacement, unless these improvements are properly documented, the best policy is to assume the rigging is original and plan your purchase strategy accordingly.

While steel hulls rust and wood hulls rot, blisters are what make a fiberglass boat owner’s hair stand on end. The Cliffs Notes version of how blisters form is simple: Water-soluble chemicals inside the laminate exert an osmotic pull on water molecules outside the hull, drawing them through the gelcoat. Once inside, the water molecules and soluble chemicals join to create a solution with larger molecules that are unable to pass back though the gelcoat. As water molecules continue to enter, pressure increases to the point that the gelcoat is pushed outward, forming a blister.

Some makes and models seem to be more susceptible to blistering than others (presumably due to factors ranging from resins used to layup schedules), but all fiberglass boats are at some risk. Location also plays a factor in some cases (i.e. relocating a vessel from cool to tropical waters, fresh to salt, etc).

The best time to spot blisters is just after the boat is hauled, preferably after the hull has been power washed and is still wet. Blisters can depressurize in a matter of hours once the vessel is hauled (minutes in some cases), making them all but impossible to spot (something to consider if inspecting a boat thats been hauled for a while).

Blisters will typically appear as circular bumps or dome-like protrusions while sighting along the hull. Sometimes water trapped between the bottom paint and gelcoat forms bumps that can be mistaken for blisters. With the owners permission, try pressing a suspected blister with a rubber gloved finger (wear goggles, as they can be under considerable pressure). If the fluid that comes out has a chemical smell, chances are it’s a blister.

Although hull blisters are often viewed with much dread, finding one or two blisters on an older vessel is no more serious than the occasional gouge to the hull. In these cases, spot treatment of individual blisters as they occur (grinding out to good material, barrier coating, and filling in and fairing with a suitable epoxy mixture) will normally suffice.

Far worse is the dreaded pimple rash or boat pox, where the entire bottom is covered with hundreds or thousands of blisters. Repairs in this case can involve removal of the entire gelcoat and the outermost skin-out mat to reach good laminate, then adding additional laminate to return the hull to original strength. It’s an expensive repair that many yards will gladly perform, but rarely guarantee will prevent future blister formation.

Bottom line: Although rarely structurally significant, blisters may very well have a negative impact on a vessels resale value, depending on the knowledge and perceptions of a potential buyer.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

After years of additions, removals, misguided MacGyver-like installations, and overall abuse, probably no other system harbors greater potential for starting a fire on a used boat than the electrical system. This is just one reason both DC and AC systems deserve a thorough inspection.

Start with the batteries, which should be located in liquid tight / acid-proof containers (to contain electrolyte spills) and secured against movement (no more than one inch in any direction). Be on the lookout for equipment hard-wired without any fuse directly to the battery (a potential fire hazard) as well as crowded post syndrome (more than four wires connected to a single battery post).

Verify AC wiring is multi-strand, marine grade wire, not residential style, solid strand wire (aka ROMEX). Solid wire is not recommended for use onboard, as it is susceptible to breakage due to vibration. Your inspection should also verify that AC outlets located in the galley, head, machinery spaces, and on all weather decks are protected with ground-fault circuit interrupt (GFCI), another important safety requirement.

Check the condition of wire runs for both AC and DC systems. They should be neat, well organized and labeled. Problems include unsupported wires, dead ends (cut wires no longer in use), corrosion and lack of chafe protection (especially where wires pass through a bulkhead).

You’ll also want to keep an eye out for electrical tape joints and household twist-on type connectors, two sure signs that a novice has been doing a little weekend electrical work.

Bottom line: If the electrical systems are maxed out or rife with problems, play it safe by getting an estimate to make it right from a competent marine electrician before negotiating with the owner.

The more you know about potential problems and how to spot them, the more comfortable and productive your boat-buying experience will be. While the above inspection list can’t replace the practiced eye of a professional marine surveyor, it can help the average person make an informed decision on whether to pass or pursue the purchase of that potential dream boat.

• Society of Accredited Marine Surveyors
• National Association of Marine Surveyors
• “Inspecting the Aging Sailboat,” by Don Casey

RELATED ARTICLES MORE FROM AUTHOR

You made a great point when you said that I should be on the lookout for any boats with some amateurishly fixed wiring. What with how old some used boats can be someone may have thought it better to fix old electrical components themselves rather than hire a professional which could be a potential hazard. I’m buying a boat for our family trips, and since kids will often be on board I wouldn’t want any wiring to stick out and potentially harm them or even worse, start a fire on the boat. Hopefully, I can find a good dealer that will provide me with quality used boats for sale where I won’t have to worry about matters like that.

Thanks for the informative article, Darrell.

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What To Look for When Buying a Used Boat: A Guide for Buying and Renovating a Used Boat

• 1 Determine Your Needs
• 2 Set a Budget
• 3 Research Boat Types and Brands
• 4 Inspect the Boat's Exterior
• 5 Check the Engine and Mechanical Components
• 6 Assess the Interior and Amenities
• 7 Review Maintenance Records
• 8 Consider Renovation Potential
• 9 Get a Professional Survey
• 10 Negotiate and Seal the Deal
• 11 Conclusion

Related Posts

The allure of open waters and the freedom to explore make buying a used boat an exhilarating prospect. However, beneath the surface of excitement lies the responsibility of ensuring that your investment is sound and your vessel is seaworthy. Whether you’re an experienced mariner or a newcomer to the nautical world, embarking on the journey of purchasing and renovating a used boat demands careful consideration.

This guide is your compass, steering you through the crucial checkpoints of this voyage. From defining your boating needs and setting a realistic budget to conducting meticulous inspections and envisioning renovation possibilities, we’ll navigate the intricate waters of buying a used boat. So, hoist the anchor of knowledge, and set sail on this comprehensive exploration to help you make an informed choice for your aquatic escapades.

Determine Your Needs

Defining your needs and preferences is essential before setting out to buy a used boat. Consider the type of boating you’ll be doing, fishing, cruising, watersports, or sailing, along with the number of passengers you plan to accommodate. This will help you narrow your options and find a boat that suits your intended activities.

Set a Budget

Establish a realistic budget for both the purchase and potential renovation costs. Remember that buying a used boat is just the beginning; you might need to invest in upgrades, maintenance, and repairs. Knowing your budget will help you avoid overspending and choose a boat that aligns with your financial capabilities.

Research Boat Types and Brands

Do thorough research on different boat types and brands that fit your requirements. Look for reputable manufacturers known for producing reliable and durable vessels. Reading reviews, consulting boating forums, and seeking advice from experienced boaters can provide valuable insights into the best options available.

Inspect the Boat’s Exterior

When you find a potential candidate, conduct a thorough visual inspection of the boat’s exterior. Look for signs of wear, damage, or corrosion on the hull, deck, and fittings. Pay attention to the condition of the gel coat, paint, and any visible cracks. You can fix minor imperfections, but extensive damage may indicate underlying issues.

Check the Engine and Mechanical Components

The engine is the heart of the boat, so it’s crucial to examine it closely. Start by checking the engine’s overall condition, including any signs of leaks, rust, or corrosion. Run the engine to ensure it starts smoothly and operates without unusual noises. Inspect other mechanical components such as steering systems, propellers, and electrical systems to ensure they’re in proper working order.

Assess the Interior and Amenities

Step aboard and assess the boat’s interior. Look for water damage, mold, or mildew, as these can indicate poor maintenance or leaks. Check the condition of seating, upholstery, and flooring. If the boat has amenities like a galley, bathroom, or sleeping quarters, inspect them thoroughly to ensure they’re functional and in good condition.

Review Maintenance Records

Ask the seller for maintenance records, which can provide valuable insights into how well the boat has been cared for. Regular servicing and proper maintenance indicate a responsible owner who has taken care of the vessel. Missing or incomplete records could be a red flag.

Consider Renovation Potential

If you’re open to investing time and money into renovating a used boat, carefully assess its renovation potential. Some boats may require minor cosmetic updates, such as solar panels for boats , while others might need more extensive structural repairs. Consider whether the boat’s current condition aligns with your renovation skills and budget.

Get a Professional Survey

Before finalizing the purchase, consider hiring a marine surveyor to conduct a comprehensive inspection. A professional surveyor can identify hidden issues you might have missed during your initial inspection. Their expertise can clearly understand the boat’s condition and help you make an informed decision.

Negotiate and Seal the Deal

Armed with knowledge from your research, inspections, and potential renovation plans, negotiate with the seller. Be prepared to walk away if the terms don’t align with your budget or if you uncover significant issues during the inspection. Once you’re satisfied with the price and terms, ensure that the purchase agreement includes a clear outline of any included equipment and a contingency clause should any unforeseen issues arise during the renovation process.

In conclusion, buying and renovating a used boat requires careful consideration and research to make an informed decision. By determining your needs, setting a budget, conducting thorough inspections, and seeking professional guidance, you can increase the likelihood of finding a vessel that suits your preferences and become a cherished asset for years of boating adventures. Remember, patience is key — finding the right boat may take time, but the rewards of a well-chosen and well-maintained vessel are immeasurable.

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Buying a sailboat: get the boat of your dreams and avoid pitfalls in the process

Discover the essentials of buying a boat. Understand your goals, get help with budgeting, find financing options, get negotiation advice and avoid mistakes.

There's a good chance that if you're reading this, you're pondering buying a sailboat for the first time. And let's be honest: if you're at this stage, you probably have more questions than answers. With a decision as big as this one, it's easy to lose your bearings, make missteps, or simply freeze at the prospect of navigating these uncharted waters.  

The key to a successful purchase lies in understanding four main pillars:  

Discerning your sailing goals  

Aligning those goals with your budget  

Gaining knowledge of the different types of sailboats and their key features  

Understanding the buying process  

In this guide, we will set the compass straight and map out a course that will bring you closer to your dream. We'll tackle every crucial aspect of buying a sailboat, from acknowledging your sailing needs to evaluating potential vessels and negotiating the right deal.  

Why are you buying a sailboat? 

Understanding the motivation behind your purchase is the first step towards making the right choice. Consider these critical factors to help guide your decision:   

Type of sailing : Are you looking for a leisurely sail on the weekends, seeking the thrill of competitive racing, or envisioning life aboard? Casual sailing might require a simpler boat, while buying a boat to sail around the world necessitates a vessel equipped with the comforts of home.  

Sailing location : The environment where you plan to sail – oceans, lakes, or rivers – and the specific region, like the warm Mediterranean, the harsh Atlantic Ocean, or the cold Baltic Sea influences the size, design, and capabilities of your ideal sailboat.  

Crew : Will you sail solo, with family or friends, or with a hired crew? Larger numbers onboard necessitate more space and accommodations.  

Future plans : Are you a beginner, learning the ropes, or an experienced sailor, planning an around-the-world voyage? Your long-term aspirations can shape the complexity and size of the boat you should consider.  

Purpose : Will your sailboat serve as a platform for leisure activities, like fishing or diving, or for business purposes, such as chartering?   

Experience level : Novice sailors may prefer a manageable, easy-to-sail boat, while seasoned mariners may seek a more sophisticated and challenging vessel.  

Frequency of use : A boat used seasonally might have different maintenance and storage requirements than one used throughout the year. Consider how frequently you intend to sail when buying a sailboat.

Yachts embody the epitome of luxury and are typically expansive over 40 feet. They come adorned with multiple cabins, a generously equipped galley, and sophisticated navigation systems. Those contemplating buying a sailing yacht should scrutinize the quality of the onboard equipment and the generous spatial layout, ensuring it offers both luxury and comfort for lavish seafaring experiences.  

Catamarans  

These boats, with two parallel hulls of equal size, offer stability and space, making them popular for cruising and racing. When buying a catamaran, look at the bridge-deck clearance to avoid slamming in rough seas, and evaluate the living space for comfort.  

Trimarans  

With a main hull and two smaller hulls on the sides, trimarans provide stability and speed. The design and condition of the 'amas' (outrigger hulls) are crucial as they impact performance and safety.  

Tall ships/schooners  

These traditionally-rigged large sailing vessels with multiple masts and sails serve training, tourism, or charter purposes. Consider the condition of the rigging, sails, and deck layout as they affect the boat's handling and maintenance costs.  

Inspection and trial before buying your first sailboat 

An inspection and sea trial offers an opportunity to identify potential issues that may not be apparent at first glance. Begin by visually inspecting the boat's hull for signs of damage or repairs. On deck, examine the rigging, mast, and sails, and the operational smoothness of the winches - their condition and functioning can significantly impact a sailboat's performance and safety. Check the rudder and tiller or wheel to ensure smooth operation, while a careful look at the keel for any damage is paramount.  

Buying a used sailboat is a great way to get a good boat for a good price. Whether you’re looking for a low-priced older boat, or for something newer, the search for the right used boat can be long and tricky.

What Will You Do With Your Boat?

The answer will drive your choice because a boat for casual weekend cruising and day sailing differs greatly from one exclusively for racing in competitive events. If you want to do a mix – some sleeping on board and some weeknight racing near home – that’s another kind of boat.

Decide what you’d like to do with your boat, then you can prioritize what features like speed, comfort, and living space matter to find the right type of sailboat (1).

Make a Budget

Buying the sailboat is only the first expense. Most used boats require work, and every boat has ownership costs. You’ll need estimated costs for storage in a slip or mooring, insurance, any short-term upgrades or replacements, and ongoing maintenance .

Sailboats may list as “completely refit” or with a “nearly new sail inventory,” but most used boats have older systems and components, and sails often aren’t in great shape. Storage and hauling costs are priced by foot, so a forty-foot boat costs the same to dock whether you paid $5,000 or $250,000 for it.

Budget 20-30% of the purchase price for upgrades and refits over the first two years, and 10-15% of the purchase cost in annual maintenance and operating costs. Do some research on year-round storage and get firm quotes.

You can finance a used boat if it’s not too small or too old. If that is your plan, factor the down payment (10-20%) and monthly payments into your costs.

Look at Some Sailboats

Once you’ve got your budget and your wish list of features, you’re ready to look at boats. You’ll find brokerage-listed vessels on sites like YachtWorld, while sailboats for sale by owner will be in a variety of places, from boat-for-sale sites like Boatrader.com to Craigslist and Facebook Marketplace.

Pay close attention to pictures, but don’t get too excited about large equipment and gear lists. Much of what comes with a used sailboat will need to be replaced or updated within the first year or two, anyway. Avoid listings with dirty boats and cluttered pictures. It will not look any better in person.

Working With the Broker

If it’s a brokerage-listed boat, contact the broker for a showing, or have your buyer’s broker reach out if you’re using one. Your broker should attend the showing, the listing broker may not if you have your own broker, though a good one won’t miss the opportunity to talk up the boat.

What to Look For

Whether it’s the listing broker or the owner at the showing, make a list of questions to ask. If the broker doesn’t know, they’ll ask the owner and get back to you. Good questions include:

• When was the engine last professionally serviced?
• Is there a maintenance log?
• Has the boat had any hard groundings or collisions?
• How old are the sails, and how much have they been used?
• How old are the standing and running rigging?
• When was the last time the mast was taken down?

You might also be interested in: How to Restore a Fiberglass Boat: Fiberglass Boat Restoration Tips

Feel free to come up with more questions as you poke around the boat, and don’t be afraid to look inside lockers and the engine compartment, and ask to look under cushions and floorboards.

When you’re on the sailboat, pay close attention to details like water stains, unpleasant smells, rust and corrosion, mold, mildew, dodgy wiring, and general wea r (2). It’s easy to get excited about pretty lines and a shiny hull, but you don’t want hidden problems.

Make an Offer

Is the asking price fair, and how do you know? This is somewhere a buyer’s broker is a tremendous help, since they can look up similar boat sales. Without that, you will need to do some research, checking everything from NADA guides to for-sale sites for similar sailboats.

What Makes a Boat a Good Deal?

If you’ve done your research in the budgeting and boat search, you’ve seen listings from similar boats. So how does this boat compare to other sailboats on the market? Look for differences in:

• Boat Condition – used boats in good shape get more value, but poor and worn boats lose value.
• Included equipment – including safety gear and sails. Again, the condition is important, if you have to replace it in the first year it’s not worth much.
• Age – is the boat older or newer than the comparable boats you’ve seen?
• Engines and systems – does it have the same age and type of engine, batteries , refrigeration, and other installed systems as comparable boats? Is this boat’s configuration worth more or less?

Starting from the base comparable boat, try to estimate the different adds and takeaways from the differences in the boats, and compare to the asking price. If the adjusted value is less than the ask, you may have a good deal.

What is a Good Price to Offer?

It’s normal to offer 5% to 10% under the asking price if that is a fair market value. If you offer too low, you may risk offending the seller and ending negotiations for good, so take some care when you research a boat’s price before you make the offer.

How to Make an Offer

Once you have a price in mind you’re comfortable with, make an offer in writing, and include a deposit. This shows you’re serious. The sales agreement (3) should have provisions for satisfactory sea trial and survey, clearance of any liens, and financing if needed.

Get a Survey

Unless you’re buying a simple dinghy or a very run-down sailboat in as-is condition, a survey is a smart idea. A boat you only pay $4,000 for can still turn into a $10,000 repair if it needs a new engine or major structural work, so a day with a surveyor usually pays for itself.

The survey is a good time to get a look at the sails so you know what you expect. A surveyor won’t do this, but you can spread each sail out in a clean, drop spot and check for wear and condition. Don’t expect money off for old sails, but you will learn what you may need to buy.

Even if a surveyor doesn’t find any deal-breaking problems, you will come away with your first work list you can plan and budget with. A good surveyor will find and note most major and minor flaws in the boat. Pricing may vary but is usually a flat fee for small sailboats or from $20 to $40/foot for larger or more complex vessels (4). The buyer pays any yard costs, like hauling or pressure washing.

A survey and sea trial usually takes a day, and you should plan to be there.

Closing the Deal

When the sailboat clears the survey and you’re happy with the results, closing is a matter of exchanging paperwork and money. A broker will handle the paperwork and just tell you where to sign.

Without a broker, you’ll have to work with the seller. Be sure all yard bills are paid and there are no loans on the boat before closing. Get the title signed over by the seller, and a Bill of Sale for registering the boat. Pay the balance with a cashier or certified check. It’s best to notarize documents when you can, you may need them to register the boat.

Frequently Asked Questions

For a boat listed with a broker, you must deal with them. But consider working with a broker to find a sailboat, because the listing broker represents the seller, and is not on your side. They are ethically bound to protect the seller's interest, not yours. Some brokers will act in a "buyer's broker" capacity and fight for you. For negotiating a large purchase, this may be a good idea. Since brokers’ commissions are based on the sale price, brokers rarely represent small boats, and you won’t need one.

New sailboats, like cars, drop in value almost immediately after they leave the dealer. Over time, they continue to depreciate in value, though well-known quality brands can hold significant value for decades. Boats over thirty years old stabilize in value as long as they are well maintained.

Hull and system maintenance costs are the same as powerboats. Sailboats use tiny amounts of fuel and have lower engine maintenance costs compared to power boats. But sails are not inexpensive. Even though they last many years, they may bring the maintenance costs closer to power boats when fuel prices are low.

Fiberglass boats last many decades, and boats built in the 60s and 70s are still in use and being sold today. Fiberglass wears over time, so life is not indefinite. Metal and wooden boats will also last many years, though their hulls are subject to corrosion or rot if not properly maintained.

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Used-Boat Buying Secrets

• By Jim Hendricks
• Updated: August 19, 2021

As the market for new boats booms and bargains evaporate, buying a used boat represents an alternate approach to achieving ownership. Though the same factors spurring the boom market have increased demand for used boats, these vessels already exist, so you don’t have to wait for delivery.

The key is finding the right used boat, says Kim Slocum, who also buys—then refurbishes and sells—previously owned boats from private parties. Slocum focuses mainly on boats from Rinker, a brand he knows inside and out from his 47 years with the company, where he ascended to president and part owner.

Slocum emphasizes due diligence when shopping on the used-boat market. His first step is to call the seller and pose a series of questions. If he hears what he likes, he personally inspects the boat. “If you’re not familiar with the brand, take along a friend or mechanic who is,” Slocum advises.

He has developed a list of key questions and an inspection routine that helps weed out the clunkers and leads him to good private-party used boats. Slocum shared his insight with us.

Key Questions

1. What year is the boat?

The more recently built, the better, Slocum says. Avoid boats more than 20 years old.

2. Where was the boat used?

Exclusive use in fresh water enhances the value of a used boat because this helps minimize any corrosion issues versus use in salt water. However, boats used in marine environments can still be solid candidates. In coastal regions, these might be the only used boats available.

3. What are the engine hours?

This tells you how tired the engine and drivetrain might be.

4. Is the seller the original owner?

An original owner tends to take better care of a boat, so this is a definite plus when looking at used boats, Slocum says.

5. What does not work?

Asking the seller to reveal issues can save you time, and it might give you something to bargain with if you choose to buy the boat.

6. Does the seller have the title in hand?

This allows you to take delivery immediately. It is a big bonus, Slocum says. Otherwise, prepare to spend time meeting with the lien holder and seller to clear the title.

7. Are the boat and motor still under warranty?

If so, find out if these warranties are transferrable and how you can arrange to move them into your name.

Key Inspection Points

1. Inspect the engine bay.

If the boat is a sterndrive or inboard, the condition of the engine bay will tell you a lot about how well the boat is maintained. Is it clean and dry? Is rigging neat and well-supported? Is it free of rust and corrosion?

2. Look for rips in the upholstery or deck carpet.

Reupholstery and carpet work are expensive, so keep that in mind as you inspect the interior.

3. Start up everything.

Fire up the electronics, generator, air conditioning, all pumps, lights, stereo, trim tabs, drive trim, etc., as well as the engine(s). Make sure everything is in good working order, and make note of any issues.

4. Double-check the engine hours.

Don’t trust engine-hour meters, Slocum says. Consider paying a boat mechanic to hook the engine up to scan tool to confirm the hours and look for possible issues, he advises.

5. Conduct a sea trial.

By any and all means, don’t buy until you conduct a sea trial to determine how the boat performs in real-world conditions, and determine any issues. While on the water, look in the bilge for leaks. For more tips on how to sea-trial a boat, visit boatingmag.com/how-to-sea-trial-boat .

6. Have the boat hauled.

If the boat is not on a trailer, arrange to have it hauled to inspect the bottom for obvious defects such as hull blisters, damaged running gear, excessive fouling, broken trim tabs, etc.

7. Look for decay or rot.

This is a tough one because transom or stringer rot might not be obvious. One trick is to push up and down on the drive or outboards. If the transom deflects or feels mushy during this process, it is an indication of rot. If in doubt, spend the money for a survey. The larger the boat, the more important a survey becomes, Slocum says.

8. Inspect the trailer, tires and bearings.

If the boat is on trailer, you need to know if it is road-worthy. Make sure the frame, axle and springs are free of excessive rust and cracks, and the bunks and rollers are in good condition. Check the tires for proper air pressure, and look for obvious signs of age such as cracked sidewalls. Ask the seller when the last time the bearings were serviced. For more trailer inspection tips, visit boatingmag.com/how-to/check-your-trailer-towing-your-boat-vacation .

9. Be prepared to walk away.

While this is not an inspection point, it is an important mindset when shopping for used boats. “Don’t get too excited or fall in love with a boat you’re inspecting,” Slocum says. “You need to be able to walk away if something’s not right or the price is well outside the number you had budgeted.” For more used-boat inspection tips, visit boatingmag.com/boats/boat-inspection-checklist .

• More: how to buy a boat , How-To , Used Boats

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Buying A Used Boat? 18 Critical Tips Before You Sign (Checklist)

Buying a used boat is a fun experience, but it can also be stressful.

If you’re considering buying a used boat, take the stress away by following checking these 18 areas before making your final purchase.

I’ll be breaking these areas down into three categories consisting of:

• The condition of the boat.
• The boat’s maintenance history.
• The boat’s fair market value.

Here’s a complete guide to what you need to check before you sign the deal!

Table of Contents

Complete Checklist For Buying Used Boats:

The first area you should concern yourself with is the actual condition of the boat.

If the boat’s condition is poor, the maintenance history and the fair market value of the boat might not matter.

Here is what you’ll want to look into when assessing the boat’s condition:

1) The Hull

A boat’s hull is under the water’s constant stress, and it is one of the few parts that run the risk of going aground.  It is also the main component of a boat and can fall victim to collisions with the dock, rocks, and even other boats.

For these reasons, you must take a look at a boat’s hull before you buy it.

When inspecting the hull, you’ll want to look for any cracks, dents, or other irregularities.

Be especially careful to look out for repairs that may have been made to the hull.  A poorly repaired hull could trick you into thinking that there isn’t any damage, when in fact, there is damage, and it has been covered up with a shoddy repair job.

2) The Deck

The deck is often the easiest part of a boat to inspect.  However, it is also one of the boat’s biggest areas to inspect, so make sure you take your time and do a thorough search as your life could literally depend on it one day.

To begin, visually inspect the deck for any rot, cracks, dents, or holes.

If you see any signs of rot, there may be a lot more damage hidden within the boat’s deck.  Once you’re satisfied with your visual inspection, you can move onto a more thorough inspection.

Do this by walking across the deck and checking for any spots that may be soft.  If you’re unsure, stop, kneel, and push down on the deck area with your hands.  The deck should not feel spongy when you push on it.

3) The Deck Hardware

Deck hardware is often overlooked during the inspection, and this can be a big mistake.  The reason for this is that deck hardware can often be expensive to replace.   This is especially true when you’re buying an older boat, as some of the deck parts may not be sold anymore.

In this case, you’d need to hire a fabricator to make the actual part for you.

Be especially careful to check the decking area around the deck hardware.  Sometimes people overlook these areas while inspecting the deck.  This is a shame because a soft deck can often be hidden underneath deck hardware.  When the deck becomes soft underneath the hardware, you run the risk of having the deck hardware ripped right off of the deck.

4) The Engine

On smaller boats, the engine is usually the most expensive part of the boat.  In fact, it can often be cheaper to buy a new boat than it is to buy a new motor.

One of the best ways to test an engine is to run it.  If the engine doesn’t sound works, then right away, you’ll know there is a problem.

If the engine is smoking or doesn’t sound quite right, you’ll know to take a much deeper look.

However, sometimes a boat’s engine will seem to run perfectly fine even though some underlying issues exist.  Protect yourself against these issues by hiring a boat engine mechanic to take a look at the engine for you.  For larger purchases, you may even want to run a fluid analysis on the boat’s engine.

This analysis can pick up issues that are difficult to spot during a physical inspection.

5) The Batteries

A marine battery has a maximum lifespan of about six or seven years, but most will be dead about the five-year mark.

These batteries can cost anywhere from $100.00 to $150.00, and some boats will require more than one battery. 

This means an older boat that hasn’t had its battery replaced yet could cost you a few hundred extra dollars after you’ve purchased it.

Even if the boat is newer, you’ll still want to check the battery to see whether it has been taken care of.  Take a look at the terminals and see if there is any corrosion on them.  If you see mounds of corrosion, you know that the owner hasn’t been properly taking care of the batteries.  In this case, the battery might only last a few years, so you can expect to have to replace it soon.

6) The Rigging and Sails

Sails and rigging can be very expensive to replace and even to repair.  Unfortunately, some people don’t take proper care of their sails, and they end up dying an early death.

A thorough inspection of the sails usually involves taking them down so that you can take a look at every inch of them.  Look for tears and holes and mark any that you find so that you’ll know exactly how much repair work will need to be done.

In some cases, you may find that there are so many tears and holes in the sails that it would be better to replace them than repair them.  If this is the case, you may want to price out new sails before deciding whether or not to buy the boat.

7) The Rudder

Your rudder will determine which way your boat moves, so the rudder must be in good shape.  The rudder needs to move freely, so one big issue you might want to look for is corrosion.  Corrosion can set in around the framework, and this can make rudder movement more difficult.

If you see any rust, you may be in for a repair.

Also, check the rudder blade itself for damage.  A rudder blade can become cracked, and sometimes it is safer to replace the entire blade rather than repair it.

One thought to keep in mind is that rudders can be difficult to inspect when the boat is in the water.  If the boat is small enough to be trailered, pull it out to easily be inspected.  If not, you may have to send a diver down to look at it as he inspects the boat’s hull.

8) The Steering Control

The steering control system is one of the most important parts of a boat, and it consists of a series of pieces that work together to steer the boat.  It starts with the steering wheel .  The wheel itself usually doesn’t suffer from any issues, but you’ll want to take a look at it anyway.

If the wheel is in a state of disrepair, you’ll know that the rest of the steering system probably isn’t functioning well either.

Steering wheels are usually connected to cables that connect to the rudder.  The cables should be able to move freely, and all of the hardware that connects them to the steering wheel and the rudder should be in working condition.  Turn the wheel and check to make sure the cables move smoothly.  Also, be on the lookout for corrosion or loose screws.

9) The Bilge

The bilge ensures that your boat does not fill up with water.  Bilge pumps can be tested both in and out of the water, so you shouldn’t have any trouble inspecting them.

Start by putting some water in the bilge area and run the pump.

Listen for any strange sounds and watch to ensure that the pump is sending water out of the bilge.

After this, you’ll want to do a more thorough inspection to ensure that the bilge is clean.  Also, if you’re inspecting an automatic bilge pump, you’ll want to ensure that the bilge counter is in good working order.  The bilge counter will let you know whether or not the bilge is working normally or working more often due to a leak.

10) The Propeller

The propeller works to move your motorboat, so it is of paramount importance that it functions correctly.  However, inspecting the propeller can be dangerous, so make sure the boat’s battery is disconnected from the engine before putting yourself anywhere near it.

After this, you can check for any dents in the blade or the shaft.

You’ll also want to remove the propeller so you can check for any issues around the shaft underneath the actual propeller.  This is easy to do, and you’ll need a wrench and a pair of pliers to make this inspection.

Once you’ve put the propeller back on, you can spin it to make sure that it spins smoothly.  If you find that the propeller blade is damaged in any way during your inspection, expect to replace it.

11) The Upholstery

Many boats have upholstery on the seating, and some even have carpeted decks.  You’ll want to check these areas to ensure there aren’t any tears or holes in them.

Boat carpets usually don’t last very long, so don’t expect an older boat to have perfect deck carpeting.

On the other hand, boat seats are often made from sturdy vinyl materials, and they can be expensive to replace.  If the seating is all torn apart, you might want to ask for a reduction in price as you may be out several hundred dollars on new boat seats.

12) The Bimini Top

Bimini tops can make a world of difference when out on a hot and sunny day on the water.  These tops definitely add value to a boat, but not if they have been ripped and torn to shreds.

Unfortunately, these tops can often be destroyed while just sitting at the dock or even the boatyard.

Birds will often make a mess of the bimini tops, and even the sun can eventually destroy a good top.

If a bimini top is torn, or even if it just looks like cracks have begun to form on it, you’ll know that it probably has not been cared for properly.  This means that you’ll probably have to replace the top, which can be very expensive to do.

13) The Lights

Even if you don’t plan on using your boat at night , you still have to have properly functioning boat lights.  Test every single light to make sure that it is working.

If bulbs have been burned out, have the owner replace them before you agree to buy the boat.

Inspecting these is a bit of a no-brainer.  You’ll need to turn the lights on and then visually check them to see if they are indeed on.  Just be sure that all of the necessary lights are still on the boat.  Some sneaky owners may remove a broken light so that you won’t think to check it.

You can learn about what lights each boat needs by looking at my post titled, “ Boat Navigation Light Rules .”

14) The Appliances

Larger boats may have appliances like fridges, stoves, and even microwaves.  You’ll want to test each appliance to make sure that it is in good working order.

It might be a good idea to plan and ask the boat owner to turn the refrigerator on a few hours ahead of time.  This way, you’ll know whether or not the fridge can actually reach the appropriate temperatures.

Don’t trust yourself to be able to feel whether or not the fridge is cold enough.  Instead, bring something to help you read the exact temperature. 

There are electronic devices you can buy to do this instantly.  Alternatively, you can bring a thermometer and drop it in there at the beginning of your inspection.

Before you end the inspection, pull the thermometer out and see if it reached the appropriate temperature.

A fridge should be at or below 40 degrees F, and a freezer should be at or below 0 degrees F.  If you’re working in Celsius, you’ll want temperatures of 4 degrees and -18 degrees.

15) The Plumbing

A boat with bathroom and kitchen facilities will usually have a freshwater system and a blackwater system.  It will also have pumps to move the water through the system.

You’ll want to check each of these systems.

You’ll also want to make sure any water heaters work as well.  You may have to ask the owner to turn the water heater on in advance in some cases.  This way, you won’t have to wait around to see if the water heater actually reaches its specified temperatures.

16) The Trailer

A trailerable boat should have a boat trailer with good tires, fully functioning brakes, and fully functioning lights.  Smaller boat trailers may not have brakes, but they’ll still need to have functioning brake lights.

Additionally, you’ll want to check to make sure the rollers and the carpets are in good condition.

The winch for pulling the boat up the trailer should also move freely.  If possible, launch the boat from the trailer to make sure everything works as it should.

17) The Maintenance and Storage History

After you’ve done a thorough inspection of the boat, you may want to ask the owner for the maintenance and storage history.  Regular maintenance should have been done on the boat’s engine as well as the boat’s trailer.  If this maintenance wasn’t done, you’ll need to have it done right away.

This will help to ensure that the boat’s engine lives out of its intended lifespan.

You’ll also want to know if the boat was stored properly.  Ideally, it was kept in a garage or a large storage facility out of the elements.  If not, the boat will have been subjected to the weather throughout the entire year.  This certainly isn’t a deal-breaker, but it is something to keep in mind.

18) The Fair Market Price

Once you’ve decided that the boat is worth purchasing, you’ll want to make sure you’re getting a fair deal on it.  To do this, check out websites like Nada to see what others are paying for similar boats .

If you find that the boat is listed for much more than what others are paying, you may be able to get a better deal elsewhere.

Don’t be afraid to point this out and use it in your price negotiations with the seller.

Final Thoughts

Buying a used boat can save you a lot of money, and it can bring you years of fun out on the water.

Just take your time and don’t be afraid to walk away from a bad deal, and you won’t have anything to worry about.

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So You Want to Buy a Used Sailboat: Making the Decision

From purchase price to recurring boat expenses, here’s everything you need to consider when making the decision to buy a used sailboat

The spring boat show season is upon us with a variety of sailboats on the market for boaters. While there will be new boat models on display, spring is also the time when used sailboats are available to review and buy. With the sailing season a mere few weeks away, a buyer can be on the water in his or her newly purchased pre-owned boat much sooner than if they had ordered a new boat.

Why do you want a sailboat? Do you have fond memories of family boating trips in your youth? Do you currently enjoy opportunities with others on their boats? Are you eager to use your skills on your own dream boat? Or do you just think that boats you see while you are standing ashore look cool?

If the latter, then I encourage you to reconsider until such time that you have acquired significantly more experience. Take sailing and navigation classes. Cruise with friends. Charter on your own. Take a really good look at yourself and decide if boat ownership is the right thing for you right now. Your family and other boaters will all appreciate your honest self-assessment.

Once you have made a rational decision to purchase a used sailboat, it is time to begin putting a realistic scope on your dream. For most people, the most important factors are time and money, not necessarily in that order.

Setting your target price

There are two costs to consider if you want to buy a used sailboat – initial cost and recurring cost.

The initial cost is how much are you willing or able to spend on buying a boat. Of course the price of the boat is determined by several factors: size, features, age, and condition. Obviously older, smaller used sailboats with basic features and in poorer condition will sell for less. If you are interested in a handyman special and don’t mind the work, that could be your entry point to boat ownership. Meanwhile, bigger, newer sailboats with more amenities in better condition will command a higher price and possibly get you on the water sooner or more often if they do not need a lot of repairs or heretofore neglected maintenance.

Given that, you have to decide how much your passion is worth. In other words, how much boat can you afford to buy?

Having always dreamed of owning a boat since my days as a teenaged captain of a small harbor tug for the National Park Service, I began researching in earnest in 2009. I wanted a sloop with an ample and comfortable cockpit and salon. I figured sleeping accommodations for up to 6 people was reasonable. It was important to have at least an adequate galley for food prep and service given that I had planned to make my boat available for bareboat and captained charters. (See my prior articles on captained charters , general meal planning , and vegan meal planning .)

I wanted a minimum size of 36 feet but not more than about 45-46 feet in order to keep marina costs reasonable. With the budget to which my wife and I agreed, we were initially looking at 38-foot sloops at a brokerage in Havre de Grace, MD. That was based on our budget and the list prices on the broker’s website.

A cautionary but hopeful tale – When we left the first boat, we were so disappointed in the cabin space and even more so in the condition of the boat (there were Dixie cups placed strategically to catch drips from leaks!), that my wife did not even want to go aboard the second boat. As I stepped off that boat, I was downcast as it proved at least as undesirable. Was my dream to be suddenly too expensive for us?

In a moment of curiosity and objectivity, my wife pointed to a 1998 Hunter 410 at the end of the catwalk. I pointed out to her that on paper that boat was about $20,000 over our target price. She said it could not hurt to look and doing so would let us know what we CAN’T afford.

The boat was absolutely beautiful below! The woodwork gleamed. There were coordinated throw pillows and custom fitted linens on the beds. The settees were done in leather. There was also a note in the electric freezer that read “Keeps Ice Cream”. The cockpit was party size and spacious. There was a large wheel and cockpit table. When asked for how much the boat might sell, the broker off-handedly tossed out a number that was delightfully below our budget. She became MY boat a month later.

The lesson here is to always ask questions. The only bad questions are the ones you do not ask! (Note: Brokers work for the sellers. Any information shared by or discussion of pricing by a broker is to the benefit of the seller and not the buyer. It is well to remember this in any negotiations of price with a broker.)

Recurring boat expenses

Okay… you think you have found a boat that satisfies your minimum requirements and meets your price target. Now you have to consider the other type of cost of boat ownership: the recurring costs .

You will need to carry insurance. Even if for some inexplicable reason, you chose to not carry physical loss protection, your chosen marina will insist on liability coverage with them being listed as a named insured. In other words, if someone is hurt on your boat, the marina wants you to cover them when the lawyers file suit under the concept of deepest pockets. As an example, my premium is about $2000 per year but I also have coverage for bareboat and captained charters .

Speaking of marinas, unless you have a private dock at your palatial mansion along the shore, you will need a place to keep your boat. If you are on the Chesapeake Bay, for example, you can expect to pay anywhere from several hundred to several thousand dollars depending on location. That typically does not include the cost of winter haul-outs and storage, professional services, or maintenance work.

As for maintenance, will you do most of your own work or contract out to your marina or others? I like doing as much work on my boat as I feel capable. I have serviced winches , installed shower sumps and bilge pumps, done engine oil changes, and rewired the deck wash-down pump among other things.

For one thing, I enjoy doing my own maintenance. Perhaps more importantly, it helps me to know my boat all the better. It is also a cost-saving effort. Marina labor is on the order of $100 per hour plus parts. How much effort are you willing to do on your own boat? To say it another way, how much are you willing to pay someone to do the work? An oil change done by my marina costs about $300. If I do it myself, the only cost is the oil and filter which are about $60. Note that sometimes, you need to pay for professional services. I prefer to have the marina winterize my engine or to service my injectors. Then there are other professionals like sailmakers and riggers.

How much will you use your sailboat? Will you use the engine frequently or will you sail right up to your anchorage for the night? Fortunately, sailboats don’t use much fuel. I can get away with spending about $25-30 for fuel on a windless 3-day cruise plus $10 to pump out the holding tanks. There are also additional costs incurred if you choose to stay overnight in a marina that is not your home marina. Furthermore and to a lesser extent, there is the cost of travelling to your boat from your home. Most of us live within a minimal drive of our vessels but there are boats in my marina with hailing ports from Florida to Colorado.

Lastly, there is the issue of documentation for your boat. Will you register the vessel in the state of use only or will you get a US Coast Guard Certificate of Documentation? Both have recurring renewal fees. State registration fees vary by state.

Summary & Resources

In this article, I have outlined the decision making process that might go into buying a used sailboat. I have identified several major areas of required and optional expenses. Throughout this series I use the experience of buying my own boat as reference material. In the next installment, Inspecting the Boat , I will discuss how one should go about deciding if a given boat is the right one. This includes primarily how to inspect a used sailboat to determine if it is one that you really want and if its condition justifies its price.

Here are some good resources to help you with your decision making process for buying a used sailboat:

“Here’s a book for first-time sailboat buyers that offers practical information they can really use to ease the transition to boat ownership. The buying guide to 84 of the more popular used sailboats will be particularly helpful when making the rounds at the boatyard.” — Cruising World

Sailboat Buying Guide – Things To Consider When Buying A Sailboat Without Sinking Your Finances! Here in this exciting narrative, we outline for you exactly what you need in order to be a successful buyer and sailor of a sailboat. 

Step by step, the author of the bestselling This Old Boat shows you how to evaluate the condition of an older fiberglass sailboat – the one you own or the one you’d like to purchase.

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Better Sailing

Beginners Guide to Buying a Sailboat

There is a lot to take into account before making your first purchase, but one thing is certain; owning a sailboat or yacht is an exciting accomplishment for many! Imagine the warmth of the sun on your face, the waves lapping around you, and the gentle breeze. Quite an experience, isn’t it? Buying a sailboat might at first seem out of reach. Also, your first purchase is not an easy task but, don’t panic! That is to say, to follow my advice that will guide you to purchase your first boat. Keep in mind the below-mentioned tips and avoid any possible pitfalls.

Things To Consider Before Buying a Sailboat With No Experience

Consider sailboat hull types.

In order for sailboats to increase performance, they use the wind as their source of propulsion. They use synthetic sails or a large cloth for this purpose. They are considered to be independent vessels of motor-powered crafts since their hydrodynamic characteristics are different. There are three distinct types of sailboats, based on their hull design. These are the monohulls, catamarans, and multi-hull crafts. Monohulls are similar to conventional vessels that have a large breadth, which ensures stability while sailing. Catamarans are twin-hulled and attached by two parallel hulls of the same size, which increases stability. Multi-hull crafts are vessels between three to five hulls, like the SWATH or the Trimaran.

Monohull Designs

The common categories of monohull crafts are – dinghy, sloop, ketch, cutter, catboat, and schooner. Traditional monohulls may have full keels, cutaway keels (greater maneuverability), or bolted on fin keels that keep the vessel more stable. Monohulls can have a centerboard or swing keel which allows the boat to enter shallow waters and travel faster. When the keel is down, the vessel moves better upwind. A dinghy has a short overall length and it’s easy to maneuver. Sloops are the standard sail design, equipped with a fractionally-rigged sloop. The ketch is characterized by high speeds and has two main masts. Cutters are medium-sized and have three sails. Catboats have a single sail and aim mostly at capacity. Last category, the schooners. Schooners have more than two sails supporting on masts, the mainmast, and the foremast. Nowadays, many modern schooners are Bermuda rigged.

In general, catamarans have two hulls and a deck or trampoline, in between them. Cats don’t have deep and heavy keels, and that’s why they tend to sail faster off the wind. Its stability is due to its wide beam, has a shallower draft, and smaller displacement. In general, catamarans have a wider stance on the water and as a result, the wave-induced motion and heeling are reduced.

Multi-Hull Crafts

Multihulls have two hulls (catamarans), three hulls (trimarans), four or five hulls (quadrimarans), or SWATH multihulls. Multihulls displace a smaller amount of water. Moreover, both of their hulls are located in the water. This is because of the placement of the main living areas, which are located on the bridge deck and they spread their weight over a larger area. Nowadays, multihulls have become the leading choice of cruising sailors. Above all, they combine performance, speed, safety, and onboard living space.

>>Also Read: Hidden Problems to Look For in Used Sailboats

Sailboat Rig Types

The rigging types of a sailboat include the masts, the booms, and the shrouds/stays. Sloops have one mast while cutters have one or two, but more headsails. As for yawls and ketches, they have a secondary mast behind the main one. On the one hand, the ketch arrangement has the mizzenmast behind the mainmast but ahead of the rudderpost. On the other, the yawl has it behind the post. Schooners have two or more masts and their foremost mast is usually shorter than the mainmast.

Keel Classification

In general, keels have integral strength and are able to withstand numerous forces. The keel is what holds the vessel and provides a central backbone for its design. So, keels are essential to the structure and performance of a sailboat. The keel of a sailboat has to be structurally relevant because it has to carry the weight of the vessel. In today’s market, there are several types of keels designed to improve performance and speed. For example, sometimes hydrodynamic features are integrated on a keel. The  types of keels  are: full-length keel, centerboard keel, fin keel, bilge keel, wing keel, and bulb keel. However, full and fin keels are the most common on sailboats.

Types of Boats

So, now we have clarified the designs and characteristics of sailboats. The next step that you have to think of, is about the type of boat that better fits your needs and preferences. First things first, there are three key factors you should consider before making your purchase. Above all, type and size. Do you have a big family? Check out the Bavaria C45 . Are you planning to sail around the world with friends? Then check out the IP 349 . Do you want to engage in sailing and water activities? Maybe the Hallberg-Rassy 412 suits you!

All these depend exclusively on your needs. Secondly, your budget. Buying a sailboat certainly has extra costs. Keep in mind the maintenance and registration costs, mooring or dock fees, insurance, storage, and taxes. Last but not least, always consider your skills and nautical knowledge. These are of high importance when selecting your sailboat. Check out our list of the best sailboat brands for more information about the individual brands.

New or Used Sailboat?

There are a lot of pros and cons when it comes to this question. But one thing is certain! In today’s market, there are plenty of opportunities that may save you time and money. When buying a new sailboat, always perform a survey first and then talk thoroughly with the sellers. It is important to rest assured that they’ll support and guide you, especially on your first purchase. On the one hand, buying a new sailboat is for most people an assurance of quality and warranty period to prevent problems in the near future. On the other, right now there are literally millions of good deals on used boats.

If you’ve decided to reduce costs, choose from a wide variety and upgrade a sailboat as you like, then a used sailboat suits you better. Above all, when buying a used boat you will reduce some fiberglass from the landfill. Remember to perform a careful survey, find the proper boat insurance, clarify your needs, and analyze your budget in both cases.

>>Also Read: Tips on Buying a Sailboat

Buying a Sailboat With no Experience – Conclusion

Will this be the year you buy your first boat? Then you’ve chosen the right time to do it! Winter is still in effect and Spring has a way to go. There is a lot of information about boats, and it is even more complicated because of the variety of boats that exist. Try to narrow your search down and get more specific information. For example, what type of boat you need, how much does a boat cost, what safety equipment do you need to have on board, and what brands are the best? In any case, buying your first boat can be an enjoyable experience for you, your friends, and your family. Above all, you’ll get the chance to fulfill your big dream of sailing around the world! Last but not least, buy smart and look at prices over brands.

Peter is the editor of Better Sailing. He has sailed for countless hours and has maintained his own boats and sailboats for years. After years of trial and error, he decided to start this website to share the knowledge.

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Buying a Sailboat: What You Need to Consider

12th jul 2023 by john burnham / samantha wilson.

You may have been dreaming of owning a sailboat all of your life. And now is the time to go for it and take the plunge into boat ownership. Or perhaps you’ve owned motorboats before and feel the need for a change and a new challenge? Whatever your reasons, buying a sailboat is an exciting prospect, and the beginning of a whole new journey and lifestyle. 

Starting your search for the perfect sailboat can seem daunting. There are many different types, styles, models, and sizes of sailboats cruising our oceans and lakes, so trying to hone in on the perfect one may be difficult. Where do you start? Our guide to the Different Types of Sailboats offers a good overview if you don’t already have a direction worked out.

Even assuming you already have an idea of what you’re looking for, we can help you look at the factors you should consider when buying a sailboat, decisions you’ll need to make, and top tips for settling on the right choice. 

5 Key Factors to Consider when Buying a Sailboat

Your first step is to sit down and be completely honest with yourself as you consider what exactly you need from your boat. Note that we say ‘need’ and not ‘want.’ Of course there are things you’d like to have, if possible, and by all means add those to your decision-making list, but what you really need from your boat should be at the top of that list and will help you narrow your choices. Things to consider when buying a sailboat include:

What sort of sailing do you plan on doing?

This is the most important question when buying a sailboat and will be the deciding factor in choosing the right style. If it’s day sailing on a lake, you might want a small, affordable sailing dinghy, whereas that obviously won’t work for your coastal and bluewater cruising aspirations. Do you want to stay aboard your boat for long stretches of time? Sail across oceans? Cruise up and down the coast with family and friends onboard? Sail in an occasional race or compete every weekend? Narrow down the options as your first step.

Who will be sailing with you?

This will be part of the decision in what size sailboat you buy (but not the only one, as we’ll see below). Will it be only you and a friend or spouse? Will the kids be coming along as well? Or do you have entertaining groups of friends in mind? You’d be surprised (or perhaps not!) how many friends want to join you for weekends when you own a sailing yacht. Combine how many people will be sailing with you to determine how much cockpit space you’ll need, how many berths, and what size galley. 

What is your budget?

Buying a sailboat is a process of compromise for most people. What we want isn’t always what we can afford, and it’s vital to be realistic about how much you will be ready to spend on a boat. The sale price is only the beginning of boat ownership costs, as you need to factor in annual storage fees, maintenance, insurance, and upkeep. Check out our guide to The Real Costs of Owning a Boat for more information, as well as inspirational ideas of how you can Reduce the Cost of Boat Ownership . It’s very easy to overspend on the boat up front and not leave enough in the budget for a refit on a used boat, a trailer to tow it, new electronics, or sails, etc. A common way to approach buying a used sailboat is to only use half of your budget on the boat itself, and the other half on a refit or upgrades. 

Where will you keep your boat?

You’ll need somewhere to store your boat year round, and you need to weigh up several factors including how accessible or close by your boat will need to be, how much you can afford, and is it suitable for both winter and summer? Smaller sailboats can be trailered and may be kept in your yard for the most accessible and low-cost option, but larger boats will need a mooring or slip and then be hauled and winterized at the end of the season. For more, check out our guide to Storing Your Boat Year Round . 

Do you have the time and/or experience needed to own a sailboat?

Think first about your free time, and then factor in the preparation and maintenance that a boat needs and halve it. While a lot of maintenance can be done in the off-season, leaving you more time to enjoy your boat in the boating season, it’ll still need cleaning after each outing, which takes up your time. Also, will you be able to sail it by yourself? Or will you have to synchronize your schedule with others? 

You also need to be honest with yourself about your sailing experience and ability. Buying a boat that is too big or too complex to handle is the quickest way to get demoralized about sailing. Always go for a simpler or smaller boat than you think you need and enjoy it. It doesn’t have to be your forever boat, and you can upgrade as your confidence grows in a few years. Check out our guide to Choosing the Best Beginner Sailboat as a good starting point. 

Buying a Sailboat: A Checklist of Decisions to Make

Once you’ve thought about the 5 key factors above, it’s time to start narrowing down boat types and configurations. The list can be long when it comes to detailing everything you may want or need on a boat, but the following checklist offers a good start toward fine-tuning your choices.

• Do you need a bluewater cruiser , coastal day boat, or inshore dinghy?
• Do you want a monohull, catamaran, or trimaran?
• Does the boat need to be light enough to store it on a trailer?
• Do you want or need a boat with shallow draft, with either a shoal-draft keel, centerboard, or daggerboard?
• Will the boat have a single rudder on the centerline or twin rudders?
• Would you like a new or used boat? (See our article on new versus used boats for more on that) 
• How many cabins should your boat have, if any?
• Would you prefer an aft or center cockpit?
• What kind of mast and sails would suit you best? A standard sloop configuration or a specialty set-up such as cat rig, ketch, schooner, yawl, or cutter?
• To reduce sail area in high winds, will you use roller-furling sails or more traditional reefing systems?
• Do you want a performance-oriented sail configuration including, for example, a large full-battened mainsail or should you choose a smaller, cheaper, simple-to-handle main with less sail area.

Tips for Buying a Sailboat

• Charter first. The best way to discover what you like and don’t like is to experience first hand what it’s like to sail it in different wind conditions and simply spend time aboard, on deck and below. Consider chartering different style yachts to see what works best for you and your family. Bareboat charters allow you to be in control of the boat for the duration of your charter, which also gives a more realistic insight into what life would be like—it’s an option to have a paid captain aboard to take the helm while you lounge on deck with a cocktail in hand, but that won’t quite be the reality on your own boat! It also allows your family to see what they think of it. You don’t want to buy a new sailboat to find out the motion makes someone horribly seasick. 
• Start small and trade up. Your first sailboat doesn’t have to be yours forever, so buy one that suits you now, rather than one you plan to grow into. There are many benefits to keeping your boat as small as is comfortable and practical for your needs; it’s cheaper to buy and cheaper to run, it’s easier to handle, needs fewer crew aboard, plus the upkeep is less, as are the slip fees. In fact, you might not even need a slip if you can trailer it. As a general rule, things start to get more expensive over the 23-foot mark. While it’s possible to buy an easy-to-sail, affordable 30-foot boat, it will cost you more in moorings, insurance, and maintenance.
• Do your research. Research, research, and research some more. The more you know about sailboats and the current market (both for new and used boats) the better placed you’ll be to make a good purchase and investment. Talk to boat people, head down to your local marina, charter if possible, look online, ask questions on forums. When it comes to purchase prices, knowing what the market value for a boat is will ensure you don’t overpay. You can start by searching through the thousands of sailboats for sale on Rightboat to see what’s in your budget. 
• Don’t be swayed by a long equipment list. An impressive equipment list is often used as a sales tactic, but try not to be swayed. Replacing or buying new equipment can often be cheaper than the extra they’re asking in the listing price. Navigational electronics get outdated quickly, too. Focus on the condition of the boat itself and not the cosmetics. 
• Take safety seriously. Don’t scrimp on the safety provisions you need on your boat. Make sure you keep enough in your budget to buy everything you need for the size of the vessel you’ll be sailing, the number of people on board, and your sailing location. That could simply mean good, wearable lifejackets and a robust first-aid kit for a small boat, or an ocean life raft, EPIRBs, SOLAS-rated life jackets, a VHF radio with AIS, bilge pumps, and a satellite phone if you’re heading far offshore. 
• If it doesn’t feel right, walk away. Trust your gut instincts if something doesn’t feel right. There will always be another boat, and you don’t want your exciting boat-buying dream to end up as a nightmare because your boat needs huge amounts of expensive repairs. Boaters are friendly folk, and the buying process is usually enjoyable. But keep in mind that this is a business transaction and try to stay objective and unemotional. Getting a good marine survey will help reassure you it’s a good investment (read our article Do I Need a Marine Survey? for more). 
• Consider boat size carefully. Ok, so we’re going to contradict ourselves here. Above we recommended buying a smaller boat and upgrading when you are ready for something bigger, which is sound advice, but you also don’t want to buy a boat that is way too small. Going up 10 feet in length can double the volume of your boat, and if you know you’re going to be spending long periods of time onboard, that space becomes invaluable. To find your sweet spot, this might be a good time to charter a 32-footer with another couple for a week and then decide. 
• Be wary of buying a super cheap boat. Seeing a rock bottom price tag on a sailboat can be extremely tempting. Who doesn’t want a bargain? But be wary of massively underpriced boats because they could cost you far more in refit and repairs than you can imagine. Yes, there are great bargains to be found, but if it feels too cheap, then it probably is. Have a read of our article Buying a Cheap Boat: Is it a Good Idea? for more. 
• Discover the best places to buy a sailboat. These days, there are many places to look for a boat for sale.
• Boat-sales websites : Websites such as Rightboat.com offer you the chance to do a detailed and specific search by entering the type and style of boat you’re looking for along with the length, location, and price bracket. You’ll be able to look through detailed photographs and videos, see full specifications, and make contact with the private seller, dealer, or broker.
• Boat brokers and dealers : Most brokers and dealers sell both new and used boats, and they may either sell a wide range of brands and models, or specialize with one or two brands. Working with a broker can offer reassurance, as they are experts in their field and often know the boats they’re selling inside out. When buying a new boat, they can also help you to customize it, include extras in your package, such as trailers, and offer boat-finance options.  
• A local boat show: There are hundreds of boat shows annually across the world, from local and regional shows to famous international events. Visiting a show can be a great way to search for your next boat, and it allows you to climb aboard the latest models, compare similar boats, and sometimes even go for a sea trial.
• Find out exactly how to buy a sailboat . Before embarking on your boat-buying journey, read our detailed, step-by-step guide to Buying a Boat . Knowing how the process works will give you confidence to go ahead, ensure you don’t miss anything, and ensure you get the best boat for your money. 

Are you ready to start your sailboat-buying journey? Then check out these fabulous Sailboats for Sale in your area on Rightboat and you could be soon be setting sail. 

Written By: John Burnham / Samantha Wilson

John Burnham is a marine ​editor and writer with ​decades of journalism experience as ​Chief Editor of​ boats.com,​ Sailing World, Cruising World, and ​other boating websites. As a competitive sailor, he has led teams to world and national titles in the International One-Design, Shields, and other classes. Based in Newport, Rhode Island, John is a​ PCC leadership coach, a member of the ​America’s Cup Hall of Fame Selection Committee​, and a ​past board member of Sail America and US Sailing. For more, see  johnsburnham.com .

Samantha Wilson has spent her entire life on and around boats, from tiny sailing dinghies all the way up to superyachts. She writes for many boating and yachting publications, top charter agencies, and some of the largest travel businesses in the industry, combining her knowledge and passion of boating, travel and writing to create topical, useful and engaging content.

More from: John Burnham / Samantha Wilson

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Sailingmates

A site for sailors, by sailors, how to buy a used sailboat, so you want to buy a used sailboat.

Well, before you start, here’s the first rule of sailboat buying.

Rule No.1: You don’t want to buy a used sailboat. You want to buy a “pre-loved” sailboat. You want to buy a boat from a sailor who hands the keys to you with a tear in his eye.

And what you’ll discover in the Used Sailboat Buying Manual , with its 3 hours of videos and 2 survey checklists is how to find this boat and how to eliminate the “lemons” quickly.

You’ll be looking at lots of boats. Many will appear near perfect on the outside but with the skills you’ll learn from the Used Sailboat Buying Manual you’ll be able to see past the polish and the glitter and find the boat that you’ll be happy with for many years.

Notice I didn’t say “the perfect boat for you”?

That’s because of the second rule of sailboat buying:

Rule No.2: There is no such thing as the “perfect” sailboat. And every day you spend on the futile search for it is one day you won’t spend sailing.

Every used boat has problems. Every boat you see will differ from your “perfect boat” and will require some compromises on your part. The questions you have to answer are whether the compromises required are too great, or the cost of repairing or refurbishing the boat are too high.

And you’ll discover how to answer those questions in the Used Sailboat Buying Manual

You must remember that you can’t afford to get a full marine survey on every boat you inspect. The cost would be prohibitive.

However, after reading the Manual and watching the videos you’ll be able to perform a preliminary survey on any boat and eliminate the real lemons.

You’ll discover how to check the basic condition of a boat and get a good idea of the major work needed to bring it up to acceptable condition. You’ll also be able to discuss repair costs with local boatyards, riggers, diesel mechanics and sailmakers.

You’ll be able to eliminate from your short list those boats that are either unsuited to your sailing plans, too poorly maintained to consider, or too costly to repair.

You’ll still need a full professional marine survey before you finally buy your boat. You won’t find all the problems with your initial survey, so it’s prudent to get a professional survey done when you finally decide on the boat you want to buy.

Anyway, your insurer and finance company will probably demand one before they finance or insure your boat.

At the end of the Used Sailboat Buying Manual we show you how to hire a marine surveyor, the questions to ask and what you should do before and during the survey.

We’ll also show you where to find a good used sailboat – one that will give you years of true pleasure.

Download the videos, 40 page pdf and checklists

Used Sailboat Buying Manual

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6 Rules for Buying a Used Sailboat

Due to a dip in the US economy, the number of registered recreational boating vessels suffered a decline  between the years 2009 and 2014 however the same is once again on the rise. A census conducted in 2016 put the number of Americans that partake in recreational boating at a staggering excess of 87 million individuals . Suffice to say, boating in America is making a huge comeback!

What Boat Am I Buying and What Condition am I Buying In?

When looking to buy a boat, two of the first questions to ask yourself is what boat you’re buying and if you want a brand new model or something second-hand. If you’ve decided the kind of boat you want to buy is a sailboat and you’re okay purchasing a used boat but in good to excellent condition, we have some tips for you.

Across the Board Buying Rules

There are certain things you will need to bear in mind regardless of if the sailboat you are buying is used or brand new. The first one of these specifics is with regard to sailboat designs . You have different vessels which class as sail boats or run primarily by using wind power. These include catamarans, sloops, centerboards and so on.

You also have sailboats that come with a choice by way of running mechanisms. These include options between boats that have outboard motors, inboard motors or alternatively those which run exclusively on wind power.

Finally, you have sailboats available with different speeds, passenger capacities and keel depths. Keel depth in particular is something of note. If the sailing you plan on doing is primarily shallow water sailing, a design with a shorter keel is recommended. Alternatively, you have deep keel designs for faster deep water sailing.

It is important to look into all these factors whether you’re buying a used or second hand sailboat.

Careful with Random Listings and Deals

When buying a second hand sailboat, especially as an amateur or first time buyer, you need to be very careful about the listings and deals you gravitate towards. Where there are many who are ready to sell sailboats in excellent condition due to financial reasons, there are others who simply want to make what they can off you before moving to the next person.

When trying to procure a second-hand sailboat using random listings or deals you may hear about in the passing, make sure you’re extremely careful before you hand over your money or sign anything! It also helps to do extensive checks on the boat as well as to know a bit about the person you are buying from in such cases, preferably from a trusted source.

Harbor Checks and Inspections

If you’re not buying your second hand sailboat through a reputable boat brokerage we recommend that you run thorough checks on the vessel you have selected while it is in the harbor.

Checks you should perform at this time include making note of what condition the exterior and interior of the boat are in. It also means looking into whether there are parts of the boat that are badly rusted or have sustained extensive damage.

This will give you a sense of whether or not the boat you have chosen is worth the asking price but there is more you need to do. If you feel you lack the eye to perform a standing harbor check, you can always hire a professional to run an inspection  for you.

Test Running

Though we might not always insist on this with a brand new sailboat, when buying a second-hand sailboat, we highly recommend a test run. Taking the boat you intend on buying out for a short excursion (with the original owner if needed) will allow you to really see how your chosen vessel fares in the open water.

Second hand boats may have technical problems that will only become apparent when on the move out at sea. When you take the boat you’re looking to buy for a test run, don’t just sit back and enjoy the view. Inspect the paneling, tillers, mast, rail, motor (if present) and other necessary components. Make sure the sailboat you have chosen is as seaworthy as it should be.

Don’t Ignore Upkeep and Maintenance Costs

When buying a second hand boat, you might feel like the basic price is a real steal. Though this may be so, it is important not to ignore the very real presence of maintenance and repair costs. When you buy a second hand sailboat, though you do save a fair bit on the base price, you may need to spend a decent amount on repairs and refurbishing depending on condition.

Before you jump into a deal that may seem super sweet on the surface, do a quick feasibility check. Get an estimate of what your expected repair and maintenance costs will be like to get a clear sense of if the sailboat is worth the stated value.

Work with the Right Brokerage

Finally, though we ourselves are a brokerage dealing in sailboats, luxury motor yachts , catamarans  and more, we will not ignore the possibility that you might be working with another company. In any case, if you want to work with a yacht broker company , make sure the people you’re looking to work with are licensed, registered and trustworthy!

Winding Down

If you follow the important rules listed above, chances are you will be able to find a second-hand sailboat that is perfectly suited  to your requirements and reliable when out at sea. If you need any more support or information with regard to luxury sailboats, motor yachts  and other recreational vessels for sale, feel free to give us a shout .

Our team of agents and specialists will be happy to guide you, walk you through our listings and find you the sailboat of your dreams ! Happy sailboat hunting!

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